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One year after the Russian invasion of Ukraine sparked the biggest conflict in Europe since WWII, the repercussions continue to reverberate around the world. The war in Ukraine has not only triggered a geopolitical realignment, it has caused economic hardship away from the epicenter of the fighting.
The February 24, 2022 invasion has sparked a refugee crisis, as Ukrainians flee conflict to their homeland and many Russians try to avoid conscription. Meanwhile, it has spurred a process toward NATO expansion, with Finland and Sweden pursuing membership after decades of official neutrality.
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Ukraine and Russia are major exporters of wheat, barley, corn and cooking oil, particularly to African and Middle Eastern countries. Turkey and the United Nations negotiated a deal last summer to allow Ukrainian grain to pass through Black Sea ports, but Russia is reportedly still hampering shipments. Russia is also a major producer of fertilizers and oil. Disruptions to the flow of these commodities are exacerbating other supply chain and climate challenges, driving up food and gas prices and causing shortages in places like Chad, Tunisia and Sri Lanka.
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More than 8 million refugees have fled Ukraine in what the World Health Organization describes as “the largest movement of people into the European region since World War II”. Many have been involuntarily relocated from Russia. Others have strained resources beyond schools and hospitals in Poland and Germany.
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A 21st century war in Europe, led by a nuclear power, is pushing the world towards realignment. It has rocked NATO, the European Union, and the United Nations, forcing countries to take sides in ways that have led to escalating tensions and diplomatic shifts. For example, Turkey, despite being a member of NATO, has increased trade with Russia since the start of the war and has objected to allowing Sweden and Finland to join the alliance.
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Russia is one of the world’s largest producers of oil and fuel. European countries banned Russian oil, gas and diesel they relied on, which initially caused prices to soar sharply. However, moves by European nations to block alternative sources, coupled with conservation efforts and a mild winter, have largely eased these price hikes. Now prices are back to pre-invasion levels.
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Russia has more nuclear weapons than any other country. His attack on Ukraine greatly invigorated NATO, with the United States and other member states funneling tens of billions of dollars worth of military equipment into Ukraine. Early weapon deliveries included anti-tank rockets such as the US-made Javelin. In the latest moves, the United States, Germany and Great Britain have promised to supply state-of-the-art tanks.
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NPR’s Will Chase, Alex Leff, Pam Webster, Desiree F. Hicks and Nishant Dahiya contributed to this report. The text and graphics are based on previous job by Alina Selyukh, Connie Hanzhang Jin and Nick Underwood.
